3D confocal microscope images are usually anisotropic in that the xy-pixel size is usually different from the z-step between optical sections. To handle this use the "scale" module. The xy-pixel size and z-step are often appended to Bio-Rad PIC files in the Notes section. You can find these values by using the Unix "strings" and "grep" commands. E.g. >strings COLL6.PIC | grep AXIS AXIS_0 4 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 AXIS_2 257 -7.008000e+01 1.825000e-01 AXIS_3 257 -4.672000e+01 1.825000e-01 AXIS_4 1 -1.000000e+01 2.000003e+00 0.1825 is the xy-pixel size (value for x- and y-scale in the "scale" module). >strings COLL6.PIC | grep Zoom COLL6.PIC 20-Aug-97 12:25:03 PM Zoom 5.0 Kalman 3, -10.0 COLL6.PIC 20-Aug-97 12:25:14 PM Zoom 5.0 Kalman 3, -8.0 COLL6.PIC 20-Aug-97 12:25:26 PM Zoom 5.0 Kalman 3, -6.0 ... 2.0 is the z-pixel size (value for z-scale in the "scale" module). Note the example file flea3.pic is isotropic and does not require scaling. These commands will not work if you are not on a dec alpha platfrom because the data is byte swapped. If you are using this module because the PICIO module does not work on your platform you will not be able to use these commands. At the time this was produced I had little information on the file format but if you contact me with file format information I could add this functionality. Contact: J Leng email: j.leng@mcc.ac.uk Manchester Visualization Centre University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK